Below also see: Isaiah Jennings, 1904 – Sodomy
Isaiah Jennings, 1907,
William Hayes, 1909
Bairnsdale Advertiser and Tambo and Omeo Chronicle, Sat 26 Jan 1895 1
BRUTHEN ATHLETIC CLUB.
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The annual sports at Bruthen were held on Thursday last, when a goodly number of the residents of the district attended to witness the sport. The weather was favorable for fast running but was too warm for the comfort of the spectators. The arrangements made by the committee for the carrying out of the programme were complete and were capably directed by Mr McKeand, the secretary. The following were the results:—
Maiden Plate, 100 yards, of 20s.—I Jennings, 1; Tompkins, 2; Bosse, 3, DD Potter, McLarty and Mills also completed. Time, 11 sec.
Sheffield Handicap, 130 yards, of £16 10s—First £12, second £3, third £1 10s, 1; JW Hunniford, Bairnsdale, 14 yds, 2; P Sukroo, Cunninghame, 16 yds, 3. Time, 12½ sec. Second heat—N McLarty, Swift’s Creek, 19 yds, 1; D Johnson, Hospital Creek, 18 yds, 2; J Sukroo, Stuart’s Creek, 17 yds, 3. Time, 12 sec. Third heat—Isaac Jennings (a), Lake Tyers, 19 yds, 2; JC Wyatt, Buchan, 21 yds, 3. Time, 12 2.5 sec. Fourth heat—H Barratt (a), Lake Tyres, 18 yds, 1; H Warner, Bairnsdale, 12 yds, 2; T Burley, Heyfield, 14 yds, 3. Time, 12 2.5 sec. Fifth heat—TN Gilbert, Buchan, 18 yds, 1; D McDougall, Bruthen, 18 yds, 2; Isaiah Jennings (a), Lake Tyres, 18 yds, 3. Time, 12 sec. Second round.—First heat—H Barratt, 1; P Sukroo, 2; Isaac Jennings, 3. Isaiah Jennings was run out. Time 13 sec.
…
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Bairnsdale Advertiser and Tambo and Omeo Chronicle, Tue 15 Dec 1896 2
ALLEGED OUTRAGE BY AN
ABORIGINAL.
———◦———
On Thursday last it was reported to the police that an aboriginal, whose name was not known, on that afternoon, on the road between Cuninghame 3 and Nowa Nowa, criminally assaulted a little girl named May Sims, age 12 years. The child described her assailant as having, after the outrage, ridden off in the Cuninghame direction on a grey horse.
On Saturday evening Sergeant Mullany received a telegram from Constable Stephen, of Cuninghame, stating that he had succeeded in arresting an aboriginal who answered the description given by the little girl. He gave his name as Isaiah Jennings. The constable requested that a medical man should be sent down to make an examination, and Dr Duncan and Constable Whitley went to Cuninghame by steamer on Sunday. The doctor, however, did not succeed in seeing the child.
On Saturday afternoon Jennings, who is one of the Lake Tyres station blacks, and gives his age as 19, was brought up before Mr Nation, JP, at Cuninghame, and on the application of Constable Stephens remanded for a week. The girl, who is the daughter of a farmer, was brought to Bairnsdale yesterday for medical examination by Dr Duncan, who found that she had been very severely assaulted and ill used.
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The Maffra Spectator, Thu 17 Dec 1896 4
ALLEGED OUTRAGE BY AN
ABORIGINAL.
———◦———
On Thursday last it was reported to the police that an aboriginal, whose name was not known, on that afternoon, on the road between Cuninghame and Nowa Nowa, criminally assaulted a little girl named May Sims, age 12 years. The child described her assailant as having, after the outrage, ridden off in the Cuninghame direction on a grey horse.
On Saturday evening Sergeant Mullany, of Cuninghame, stating that he had succeeded in arresting an aboriginal who answered the description given by the little girl. He gave his name as Isaiah Jennings. The constable requested that a medical man should be sent down to make an examination, and Dr Duncan and Constable Whitley went to Cuninghame by steamer on Sunday. The doctor, however, did not succeed in seeing the child.
On Saturday afternoon Jennings, who is one of the Lake Tyres station blacks, and gives his age as 19, was brought up before Mr Nation, JP, at Cuninghame, and on the application of Constable Stephens remanded for a week. The girl, who is the daughter of a farmer, was brought to Bairnsdale on Monday for medical examination by Dr Duncan, who found that she had been very severely assaulted and ill used.
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Gippsland Times, Thu 24 Dec 1896 5
SALE POLICE COURT.
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Tuesday, December 22nd.
(Before Messrs Harkness and Cullinan, J’sP.)
A SERIOUS CHARGE.
Isaiah Jennings, an aboriginal, was brought up on remand, charged with criminally assaulting Mary Katie Florence Sims, aged 12 years, at Cunninghame on the 10th inst.
Constable Stephens deposed that he arrested prisoner on the 12th inst, about two miles from Cuninghame. When he arrested prisoner he cautioned him in the usual way. While on the road to Cuninghame he said to prisoner “Mr Bulmer will be very sorry when he hears of you getting into this trouble.” Prisoner answered “I was a bit on that day, and I did not know what I was doing.” When they arrived at the police station prisoner turned round and said “You’ll have to excuse me Mr Stephens, I am sorry for what I have done. When I got that way I couldn’t help it. You white fellows are just the same, ain’t you?” Witness then put prisoner in the lock up. Next day, Sunday, witness had three other black fellows in the police office with accused. He then brought the girl into the office and said to her, “Is the man here who assaulted you?” After looking round about a minute she pointed to accused, and said, “He is most like him.” Witness said, “Are you sure?” She then said “I am quite sure.” Witness then took accused back to the lock-up. Mr Bulmer, who has charge of the mission station. Then went to see accused. Mr Bulmer said, “Have you any message to send to your mother?” Accused said “No.” Mr Bulmer said, “You have got yourself into a mess.” Accused said, “I couldn’t help it.” The place pointed out by the girl where the assault took place was much disturbed by footmarks, showing there had been a violent struggle. One of the girl’s garments had a great quantity of blood on it, and her clothing was soiled with earth marks.
Prisoner was remanded for a week.
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Gippsland Times, Thu 31 Dec 1896 6
At the Sale police court on Tuesday the bench, Messrs Harkness and Pettit, J’sP, disposed of the following cases:—Isaiah Jennings, the aboriginal charged with criminal assault at Cuninghame on December 12th was further remanded for a week.
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Bairnsdale Advertiser and Tambo and Omeo Chronicle, Thu 7 Jan 1897 7
The Bairnsdale Advertiser office calendar for 1897 is sent out with this issue. It will be found to contain in a concise form a great deal of information of a useful kind.
…
The charge against the aboriginal Isaiah Jennings, of outraging May Sims, 12 years of age, on the Nowa Nowa and Cuninghame road, will be proceeded with before the justices at the latter place on Saturday.
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Gippsland Times, Thu 7 Jan 1897 8
At the Sale police court on Tuesday, Isaiah Jennings, the aboriginal charged with criminal assault on a girl at Cunninghame on December 10th, was remanded to the local police court to be held on the 9th inst.
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Bairnsdale Advertiser and Tambo and Omeo Chronicle, Tue 12 Jan 1897 9
CUNINGHAME PETTY SESSIONS.
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Saturday, 9th January.
(Before Messrs Bull and Hunter, JsP.)
THE CHARGE AGAINST AN ABORIGINAL.
Isaiah Jennings, an aboriginal, aged about 19 years, was charged with a criminal assault upon May Sims, aged between 12 and 13 years of age, on the road between Cuninghame and Nowa Nowa.
Sub-Inspector Mahony prosecuted, and Mr RJ Thompson, Maffra, undertook to look after the interests of the accused at the request of the bench.
The girl was examined and deposed to the offence having been committed. When she first saw him, being afraid of colored men, she hid herself behind a log, and whilst she lay there she saw and heard him looking for her. He had dismounted from the grey horse he was riding. When he was getting near her she broke out and ran, and he mounting his horse, galloped and headed her. As she ran, she screamed and called out. Then she hid a second time, and she heard him say, several times, as he was looking for her “I wonder where she is.” At last he caught her in the gully, and committed the offence, putting two of his fingers down her throat to stop her screams.
Dr Duncan was examined, and deposed that there were no signs of violence. It was, however, four days after the offence when he examined the girl.
Warder Eugene O’Sullivan, Sale, and Constable Hutchinson, Bairnsdale, gave evidence of an admission to them by the accused of having committed the assault.
Accused was committed for trial, at the Supreme Court sittings, at Sale, on the 24th February.
The bench complimented Constable Stephen, who made the arrest, upon his smartness.
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Gippsland Times, Thu 14 Jan 1897 10
The aboriginal, Isaiah Jennings, has been committed for trial to the Supreme Court at Sale from the Cunninghame police court, on the charge of criminal assault on a girl under sixteen years of age. During the hearing of the charge, Mr RJ Thomson, at the request of the bench, watched the taking of the evidence on behalf of the accused.
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The Maffra Spectator, Thu 14 Jan 1897 11
LAKES’ ENTRANCE.
———◦———
(Courier Correspondent).
Jan 11.
LAKES’ ENTRANCE PETTY SESSIONS.
The court was held here on the 9th inst. When Messrs Wm Hunter, of Cuninghame, and Jos Bull, of Bairnsdale, J’sP, presided. The following cases were heard:—
…
LAKE BUNGA OUTRAGE.
Isaiah Jennings, an aboriginal, was brought on remand to answer the charge of criminally assaulting a little girl, named May Sims, under the age of 12 years. Sub-Inspector Mahony, of Bairnsdale, prosecuted for the Crown. Mr RJ Thomson defended the accused. The little girl [May Sims aka Mary Kate Sims] gave her evidence in a very lucid manner, stating how, while on an errand to a a [sic] neighbour’s place to attend to some operations in bee farming, the accused waylaid her, and after a struggle he overcame her childish efforts to defend herself and brutally ravished her. Mrs Sims, the child’s mother, stated in what manner her young daughter returned home to her, covered in mud and much exhausted. She gave information to Constable Stephen, in company of whom they examined the locality, which bore traces of the struggle, so plain that she saw “marks of the scoundrel’s toes in the soft ground.” Several other witnesses were examined, all testifying to show that the accused was no mistaken identity. The medical evidence of Dr Duncan, of Bairnsdale, was very distinct as to the commission of the offence. Constable Stephen, of Cuninghame, gave evidence of the arrest and identification of the accused, who was quite sober, although the accused, after admitting the act to that officer and also to one or two of the Sale gaol officials said that a “white man gave him a bottle of beer on the day of the outrage and it made him a bit boozed.” Constable Stephen’s evidence concluded the case for the Crown. Their worships, after commending Constable Stephen for his tact and reliableness, committed the accused for trial, to take place at the Supreme Court, Sale, on the 24th day of February, 1897.
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Bairnsdale Advertiser and Tambo and Omeo Chronicle, Tue 19 Jan 1897 12
LAKES ENTRANCE LETTER.
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(From Our Own Correspondent.)
Monday, Jan 18.
…
The bench, at the close of the case against Isaiah Jennings, last court day, paid a very high compliment to Constable Stephen for his cleverness and intelligence in the several important cases lately occurring at Cuninghame, and asked Inspector Mahony to bring the same under the notice of the Chief Commissioner, and request the press to make it public also.
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Bairnsdale Advertiser and Tambo and Omeo Chronicle, Thu 4 Mar 1897 13
THE OUTRAGE AT CUNINGHAME.
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At the Sale Assizes, on Tuesday, before the Chief Justice, Isaiah Jennings was presented an [sic] a charge of criminally assaulting a girl under 16 years of age, at Cuninghame. Jennings, an aboriginal was defended by Mr WE Johnson. The evidence went to show that in a lonely part of the bush he met the girl going homewards, dismounted from his horse, and committed the offence. The defence was that the girl was to a certain extent a consenting party. The jury, after a retirement of two hours, brought in a verdict of guilty on the capital offence. Three of the jury added a rider that they recommended him to mercy, as they did not consider he had realised the enormity of the crime or its consequences. Sentence of death was passed.
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Gippsland Times, Thu 4 Mar 1897 14
SALE SUPREME COURT.
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A CAPITAL OFFENCE.
————
At the Sale Supreme Court sittings on Tuesday, before His Honor the Chief Justice, Sir John Madden, an aboriginie named Isaiah Jennings, aged 22, of Lake Tyers, was charged with having committed a capital offence on a little girl named Mary Kate Sims, aged 12 years.
Mr Gurner prosecuted for the Crown, and Mr WE Johnstone, instructed by Mr RJ Thomson, appeared for the accused.
The jury were:—Messrs RP Jamieson, (foreman), GRA Glenny, WH Newnham, JJ Frawley, E Marriott, JW Bishop, JE Loder, J Fleming, JW McLachlan, Walter Lyon, J Tait, and TM Linton.
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The Maffra Spectator, Thu 4 Mar 1897 15
Isaiah Jennings, an aboriginal, was found guilty on Tuesday at the Sale Supreme Court on a charge of rape at Cuninghame. The death sentence was passed on him.
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Traralgon Record, Fri 5 Mar 1897 16
UNDESIRABLE HABIT.—A habit is growing among Crown Prosecutors which according to the Chief Justice is most undesirable. It is the pointing out to juries the punishment to be meted out to a prisoner if he be found guilty. In opening the case against the prisoner Jennings, at the Sale Supreme Court on Tuesday, Mr Gurner the Crown Prosecutor, pointed out to the jury that although, if found guilty, the prisoner would be sentenced to death, it did not follow that the sentence would be carried out. In fact it seldom was carried out in such cases for when they came before the Executive Council the sentences were generally commuted to terms of imprisonment. Mr Johnstone replied to this, with a view which might possible affect the jury’s verdict in favour of accused, as juries generally object to giving a verdict which may mean death to a prisoner. It was this (says the Times) that the Chief Justice objected to, as it brought the Court to a false issue. It suggested to a jury not to face manfully the duty imposed on them. The Law assigned to them all, Executive, Judge, Counsel and jury, a duty and they must assume that a jury would do that duty. It was no part of a jury’s duty to consider the punishment for an offence. They had to consider on the facts whether the offence had been committed. Then their duty ended. It was for others to decide on the punishment. If that principle was upset we would have verdicts on sentiment. Luckily there were few jurymen now-a-days who did not understand their duty, but the practice referred to should be put a stop to generally.
…
SALE SUPREME COURT.
———◦———
The Sale Assizes commenced on Tuesday morning before the Chief Justice. Isaiah Jennings was presented on a charge of criminally assaulting a girl under 16 years of age, at Cunninghame, and F Woods was charged with larceny at Walhalla. Jennings, an aboriginal, was defended by Mr WE Johnston. The evidence went to show that in a lonely part of the bush he met the girl going homewards, dismounted from his horse and committed the offence. The defence was that the girl was to a certain extent a consenting party. The jury, after a retirement of two hours, brought in a verdict of guilty on the capital charge. Three of the jury added a rider that they recommended him to mercy, as they did not consider he had realised the enormity of the crime or its consequences. Sentence of death was passed.
On the suggestion of the judge the jury acquitted Woods of the charge of larceny, there not being sufficient proofs of identification of the money alleged to have been stolen.
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Gippsland Times, Mon 8 Mar 1897 17
CORRESPONDENCE.
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THE EDUCATION OF ISAIAH
JENNINGS.
(To the Editor of the Gippsland Times.)
Sir,—As one of the jury which found Isaiah Jennings guilty of the crime with which he was charged, I object to adjectives employed, first by His Honor, the Chief Justice, and afterwards by the local press, in describing the prisoner’s education as “inferior” and “limited.” The Rev Mr Bulmer testified on oath that the prisoner was born on Lake Tyers station, and had been brought up under his personal supervision, and that I argue is sufficient guarantee that the education imparted to Jennings was anything but inferior or limited. In his statement to the jury the prisoner spoke as long and as well, if not better, than the average man of his age would, and was particularly free from that blemish noticeable in the speech of so many of the rising generation, viz, the dropping of the letter “g” from the end of words where it belongs. Moreover, I have it from a reliable source that his scriptural knowledge is good, and that in such trifles as vulgar and decimal fractions, proportion, etc, he is well versed.—Yours, etc,
JURYMAN No 10.
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Gippsland Times, Mon 22 Mar 1897 18
The aboriginie Isaiah Jennings, under sentence of death, was Saturday morning taken to Melbourne to await the decision of the Executive on his case. Constable Napthine had charge of the condemned man.
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Bairnsdale Advertiser and Tambo and Omeo Chronicle, Tue 23 Mar 1897 19
Isaiah Jennings, the aboriginal recently sentenced to death at Sale, was on Saturday morning taken to Melbourne to await the decision of the Executive on his case.
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Bairnsdale Advertiser and Tambo and Omeo Chronicle, Thu 25 Mar 1897 20
THE CONDEMNED ABORIGINAL.
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JENNINGS CONFESSES.
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HIS DEFENCE A LIE.
The aboriginal, Isaiah Jennings, who was condemned too death at Sale for the offence of rape, committed on a girl of 12 years, has been taken to Melbourne gaol and placed in the condemned cell. On his trial Jennings’ defence was that the girl was a consenting party.
The Rev HF Scott, formerly the gaol chaplain in Melbourne, and now at Sale, saw Jennings after his condemnation, and the outcome was that the aboriginal signed a confession that his statement in court was untrue, and that the victim of his assault neither at the time of the crime nor at any other period gave him the least encouragement. This confession has been forwarded to the Governor in Council.
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Traralgon Record, Fri 26 Mar 1897 21
ITEMS OF NEWS.
…
Isaiah Jennings, now in the condemned cell at the Melbourne gaol has, at the instance of the Rev R Scott, confessed that his statement on his defence, that the girl he assaulted was a consenting party, is not true. He adds, that his victim never at any time gave him the slghtest [sic] encouragement.
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The Argus, Wed 31 Mar 1897 22
The fate of two prisoners now lying under sentence of death will be decided on Wednesday next. They are William Myles Phillips, sentenced to death for the murder of Thomas William Brady, and Isaiah Jennings, an aboriginal, sentenced to death for criminal assault on a girl under 16 years of age, at Cunninghame. The former is imprisoned in the Melbourne Gail, and the latter in the Sale Gaol. The cabinet will meet to decide what advice shall be given to His Excellency the Governor in Council in both cases, and there will then be an Executive Council, at which it will be determined whether or not the sentences shall be carried out.
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Gippsland Times, Thu 1 Apr 1897 23
A correspondent writing to the “Herald: re the petitions being signed for the commitation [sic] of the death sentence on Phillips, asks why there is not one for Jennings, the blackfellow.
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The Argus, Sat 3 Apr 1897 24
His Excellency the Governor had intended leaving for Adelaide to-day to be present at some of deliberations of the Federation Convention, but owing to his having to attend an Executive Council meeting on Wednesday to deal with cases of William Myles Phillips and Isaiah Jennings, now lying under sentence of death, he has cancelled the arrangement for the present. His Excellency will, however, set out to-day for a few days’ cruise in the Sunbeam, heading towards Portland if the wind is favourable.
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The Argus, Thu 8 Apr 1897 25
Contrary to expectations, the cases of William Myles Phillips and Isaiah Jennings, now lying under sentence of death, were not disposed of yesterday. Mr Best, the Acting Premier, had summoned a Cabinet meeting and an Executive Council for yesterday, to deal with both cases, but as only four members of the Cabinet attended the issues were considered too grave for decision with such a small attendance. The Ministers who attended were Mr Cuthbert, Mr McCulloch, Mr Williams, and Mr Taverner. Mr Best has already announced that owing to professional reasons he will take no part in the deliberations concerning Phillips. He was, therefore, absent by design, but the other members were absent unavoidably—two through illness and two through having to attend to business of the country. Mr Justice Williams attended the Cabinet, and as the judge who presided at Phillips’s trial, gave all the information that was expected of him. A petition, alleged to be signed by 50,000 persons, praying for the reprieve of Phillips, was presented to His Excellency the Governor at the Executive Council meeting. Beyond hearing Mr Justice Williams the Cabinet did nothing, and the meeting was postponed till Tuesday next, at 3 o’clock, when it is expected that there will be a full attendance of the available Minister, and that the cases of Phillips and Jennings will be decided.
At the Executive Council meeting yesterday (Tuesday), the 20th of April, or Easter Tuesday, was proclaimed a public holiday.
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The Horsham Times, Fri 9 Apr 1897 26
UNDER SENTENCE OF DEATH.
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The fates of William Myles Phillips and Isaiah Jennings, who have been condemned to death respectively for murder and rape, still hang in the balance. At a Cabinet meeting held on Wednesday, Sir Hartley Williams attended, and gave his opinion as to the merits of Phillips’s case. A petition was also presented through the Crown Law department, which had been forwarded to His Excellency the Governor, praying for the commutation of Phillips’s sentence. It was resolved, however, as the only Ministers present were Messrs Cuthbert (Solicitor-General), Williams (Minister of Railways), Taverner (Minister of Public Works), and McCulloch (Minister of Defence), that neither case be considered until there can be a reasonably full attendance of members of the Government. The Acting-Premier, Mr Best, has declined to join with his colleagues in consulting on Phillips’s case, on account of the firm with which he is professionally connected having acted on behalf of the condemned man, but he has convened another meeting of the Cabinet for 3 pm on Tuesday, to give Ministers the earliest possible chance which offers, in view of other engagements, to arrive at finality, and by then it is hoped that two members of the Government who were absent on Wednesday through illness will be able to attend.
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Williamstown Chronicle, Sat 10 Apr 1897 27
SENTENCE DEFERRED:—Mr Best, the acting-Premier, summoned a cabinet meeting on Wednesday to deal with the cases of William Myles Phillips and Isaiah Jennings, now lying under sentence of death, but as only four members of the cabinet attended, the issues were considered too grave for decision and the meeting was postponed till Tuesday next, at 3 o’clock, when it is expected there will be a full attendance of Ministers at present in the colony.
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The Argus, Wed 14 Apr 1897 28
THE DEATH SENTENCES.
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DECISION OF THE EXECUTIVE.
————
BOTH COMMUTED.
A special meeting of the Cabinet was held yesterday to deal with the cases of William Myles Phillips, sentenced to death for the murder of Thomas William Brady, and Isaiah Jennings, sentenced to death for criminal assault on a girl. Mr Best, the Acting Premier, owing to professional reasons, did not take part in the deliberations, so far as Phillips was concerned. After careful consideration of all the evidence taken at the trial, and of all the circumstances, the Cabinet decided to recommend the Governor in Council to commute the sentence in Phillips’s case to imprisonment for life. This means 20 years, with hard labour, but according to the regulations a certain portion of the sentence is remitted for good conduct. The Cabinet stipulated that there should be no remission, and that Phillips should serve the full term. In the case of Jennings, the Cabinet advised that the death sentence should be commuted to 15 years’ imprisonment, with hard labour. The Governor in Council subsequently commuted both sentences, as advised. It may be added that the three Ministers now attending the Federation Convention in Adelaide were consulted in regard to the recommendations in each case.
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Portland Guardian, Wed 14 Apr 1897 29
MELBOURNE NEWS
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(ANGLE-AUSTRALIAN PRESS AGENCY.)
————
Melbourne, This Day.
…
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Jennings, the aboriginal, has been sentenced to 15 years.
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Bairnsdale Advertiser and Tambo and Omeo Chronicle, Thu 15 Apr 1897 30
THE CASE OF THE ABORIGINAL
JENNINGS.
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In the case Isaiah Jennings, convicted of rape of the girl Simms on the Nowa Nowa road, and sentenced to death at the last sitting of the Supreme Court at Sale, the Cabinet has remitted the capital punishment to 15 years’ penal servitude.
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Kilmore Free Press, Thu 15 Apr 1897 31
OPENING NEW GLENAROUA HALL.
————
…
Wm Myles Phillips, under sentence of death for the murder of Thos W Brady, is to be imprisoned for 20 years, and the death sentence of Isaiah Jennings, for criminal assault on a girl, has been commuted to 15 years imprisonment.
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The Horsham Times, Fri 16 Apr 1897 32
COMMUTED DEATH SENTENCES.
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As notified by an extraordinary issued from the Times Office on Tuesday evening, the sentence of death recently passed on William Myles Phillips, 19 years of age, for the murder of Mr Brady in January last, was commuted to imprisonment for life absolutely. In making this order the Executive Council has specially directed, with the object of preventing future agitation for curtailment of the sentence, that no reduction in this term of imprisonment shall be made on any account. The decision of the Executive in Phillips’s case has the concurrence of the members of the Government who are now in Adelaide, their opinions having been elicited by the Solicitor-General, who visited that city since the Executive first met to consider the subject specially to ascertain their views on the matter.
Isaiah Jennings, condemned to execution for rape upon a child at Sale, has been ordered by the Executive to be imprisoned for 15 years with hard labor. The term may, however, be reduced according to the gaol regulations, if Jennings qualifies for any remission by good conduct.
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Traralgon Record, Fri 16 Apr 1897 33
COMMUTED DEATH SENTENCES.—
The sentence of death recently passed on William Myles Phillips, 19 years of age, for the murder of Mr Brady in January last, has been commuted to what is technically called imprisonment for life, which means 20 years’ imprisonment. In making this order the Executive Council has specially directed, with the object of preventing future agitation for curtailment of the sentence, that no reduction in this term of imprisonment shall be made on any account. Isaiah Jennings, condemned to execution for rape upon a child at Sale, has been ordered by the Executive to be imprisoned for 15 years, with hard labor. This term may, however, be reduced according to the gaol regulations, if Jennings qualified for any remission by good conduct. In regard to Phillips the Solicitor-General, in reply to a direct question, states that the decision was “Imprisonment for the term of his natural life.” In other words he must end his days in gaol.
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Sunbury News and Bulla and Melton Advertiser, Sat 17 Apr 1897 34
THE sentence of death passed on William Myles Phillips, convicted of the murder of Brady, has been commuted to twenty years’ imprisonment. Isaiah Jennings, an aboriginal convicted of criminal assault, has got off with fifteen years. In the case of Phillips, the very ferocity of the crime he committed seems in some manner to have enlisted public sympathy in his behalf—helped doubtless by his mendacious and theatrical confession. The deed was a sort of treble murder. He made assurance trebly sure. He shot his man twice and then cut his throat. No murder surely could have been more ‘wilful.’ Then, when he had done his worst to the body of his victim, and brought himself under the shadow of the scaffold, he stole from him ‘the immediate jewel of his soul’—his good name. Yet 50,000 people at least thought he ought to escape the extreme penalty of the law. Why, it is not very easy to say. A more savage and brutal deed is scarcely conceivable. Yet people seem to have regarded him more as a seraphic choir-boy who had been ‘led astray,’ than a soulless and selfish voluptuary, young indeed in years but old in vice. However, we are glad that Phillips has been reprieved, because we don’t believe in hanging; but his escape makes many judicial murders committed in the past appear the more regrettable. Indeed, it seems to us that the reprieve of this incipient Deeming brings the law of capital punishment into such contempt as practically to abolish it. For, with Phillips’ case on record as a precedent, it will needs be an extraordinarily horrible murder which can in future consign its author to the gallows. And this is undoubtedly as it ought to be. A man who has killed in the heat of passion should not be strangled in cold blood. If hanging is to continue, let it only be resorted to in extreme cases—until the time comes when men are agreed that these ‘extreme’ cases are precisely the ones which call most loudly for investigation by experts in atavism and insanity.
Isaiah Jennings, 1904
The Argus, Sat 30 Apr 1904 35
GEELONG.
The initial step in connection with the formation of a branch of the Manchester Unity Order of Oddfellows, at Mt Moriac, taken on Wednesday evening at that place, promises to be successful.
Mr JD Watson, teacher for many years at the Ashby State School, has retired from the position through ill-health. On Friday afternoon he received a number of presents from the junior and senior scholars and teachers.
His Excellency the State Governor, Sir Reginald Talbot, has accepted the invitation of the Queen’s Statue Committee to visit Geelong on May 24, and perform the unveiling ceremony of the statue of the late Queen Victoria.
Two prisoners confined in the Geelong Gaol were given sever additional sentences to terms they are undergoing by the visiting justices. Arthur Cleghorn, aged 56, insulted the governor before the inspector-general, calling the former a vile name. A second charge of assault on Warder Farquhar was preferred against Cleghorn. Only with difficulty was the warder rescued from the prisoner. Cleghorn was sentenced to six months in irons on each charge. Isaiah Jennings, aged 28 years, an aboriginal, who was sentenced to death at Gippsland for an offence on a woman, but subsequently had the sentence commuted to 15 years’ imprisonment, was sentenced to 12 months in irons for an abominable offence.
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Geelong Advertiser, Sat 30 Apr 1904 36
DISTURBANCE AT THE GAOL
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TWO REFRACTORY PRISONERS.
————
SENTENCED TO 12 MONTHS
IN IRONS.
————
The Geelong Gaol, which in times past has provided numerous sensational incidents, notably when the prisoner Percy Ramage and others were confined within its walls, has been in a quiet and orderly state of late. Recently, however, the calm has been again disturbed in a sensational manner, and the result has been the sentencing of two of the prisoners to twelve months in irons by Mr Patterson, PM, and Mr Miles, JP, who attended at the gaol and heard certain charges on Thursday.
The first case with was against a prisoner named Arthur Cleghorn, 56 years of age, who is undergoing a sentence for vagrancy. Two charges were preferred against him, one of insulting the governor of the gaol in the hearing of the Inspector-general of Prisons; and another of violently assaulting an officer of the gaol. It appears that the Inspector-general was on his usual visit to the gaol, and was conversing with the governor and various details. Cleghorn was near by, and in response to a remark made by the governor he turned round savagely, and exclaimed: “It’s a —– lie!” The prisoner was at once ordered out of the room. In connection with second charge, it transpired that the accused, on the morning of the previous affair, made a violent attack on Warder Farquhar, whom he assaulted with a pan kept in his cell. He was quickly secured by other warders, and overpowered before doing any further damage. Of appeared that but for the timely intervention of his colleagues the warder, who escaped with slight injuries, would have met with severe treatment. On each charge Cleghorn was sentenced to six months in irons, 12 months in all, cumulative on the sentence he is at present undergoing.
The other case was one of a far more serious and revolting nature, and concerns an aboriginal Isaiah Jennings, 28 years of age, who some time ago was sentenced to death for a crime committed upon a girl in Gippsland. This sentence was subsequently commuted to 15 years’ imprisonment, and lately the aboriginal has been an inmate of the Geelong Gaol. For his offence Jennings was brought before the magistrates on the same occasion as when Cleghorn was dealt with, and was sentenced to 12 months in irons, concurrent with his present term.
~ ~ ~ ~ ~
The Colac Herald, Mon 2 May 1904 37
TROUBLE WITH PRISONERS.
———◦———
SERIOUS OFFENCES AT THE
GEELONG GAOL.
The Geelong Gaol was brought prominently under public notice when the notorious prisoner Ramage was incarcerated there, but since his removal to Pentridge there has been comparative quiet.
This good order was rudely disturbed a day or two ago by a prisoner named Arthur Cleghorn, 56 years of age, who I serving a sentence for vagrancy. It appears that the Inspector-General of Prisons was visiting the gaol, and whilst conversing with the governor, Cleghorn, over-hearing some remark, savagely interjected, “It’s a —– lie.” He was at once ordered away, and left submissively enough, but next morning he made a violent attack on Warder Farquhar with a pan. Several warders came to their companion’s assistance, and he was rescued before any serious harm was done to him. A police magistrate visited the gaol on Thursday, when charges of insulting the governor of the gaol and assaulting the warder were preferred against the prisoner, who was sentenced to 12 months’ in irons cumulative with his present sentences.
Another prisoner—an aboriginal named Isaiah Jennings—who I serving a sentence of 15 years for an offence upon a girl in Gippsland, was also charged before the magistrate and received a sentence of 12 months’ imprisonment. The charge against him was that he wrote a note to another prisoner asking him to consent to an abominable offence. The note was given to another prisoner to convey, and when it reached the hands of the person to whom it was intended, he, on discovering its contents, handed it to a warder. Jennings was immediately arrested, and on being brought before the magistrate received a sentence as stated.
Isaiah Jennings, 1907
Bairnsdale Advertiser and Tambo and Omeo Chronicle, Thu 5 Sep 1907 38
BAIRNSDALE SUPREME
COURT.
———◦———
Tuesday, 3rd September.
(Before Mr Justice Hodges and Juries of
Twelve.)
Crown Prosecutor, Mr Leon.
…
FORGING AND UTTERING.
Isaiah Jennings, an aboriginal, was charged on two counts with forging and on two counts with uttering orders for the payment of money.
The following jury was empanelled:—A Kelly (foreman), D Sutherland, R Hosie, A Jorgensen, FA Woodward, A Fraser, W Saunders, F Roder, WJ Scott, J Murphy, F Coster and GH Vickers.
Mr Conant appeared for the accused, who pleaded not guilty.
WT Edlington, a farmer at Newmerella, said he grew maize on the share system with Mr DR Morris. The accused picked 13 bags of maize for him and got an order on Mr Morris for the payment of the amount. The order produced was written by the witness, except the figure 60, which had been inserted by someone else in place of the numbers he had written. The second order produced was not in his handwriting. When Constable Anstee asked the accused where he had the money he said he got it from Mr Morris.
Cross-examined by Mr Conant: He did not enclose the order he gave the accused in an envelope.
David R Morris, a farmer living at Newmerella, said he grew maize on the share system with the previous witness. He knew the accused, who was formerly one of his pupils when he had charge of the Lake Tyers school. When the accused brought the order produced to him it had “60” bags written on the face of it, and on this being challenged by witness the accused said that was a mistake—“16” was the number. Witness altered the figure from 60 to 10 and paid him. Later the accused came with another order for the payment of 80 bags and after questioning him about it witness paid it. The order was for £3 10s. The orders produced were in the one handwriting. The accused wrote a good hand.
Cross-examined by Mr Conant: He would not swear the orders were written by the accused.
Constable LG Anstee, stationed at Orbost, said he arrested the accused at Newmerella. The accused said he had spent the money he got from Mr Morris, but would pay it back. He admitted he did not pick the maize on account of which he had been paid, and said he merely signed the orders.
Cross-examined by Mr Conant: The accused, later on, said Mrs McCahilly gave him the orders; that was on the last court day, but it was not mentioned in court. Mrs McCahilly had since gone to New South Wales.
To the Crown Prosecutor: Mrs McCahilly told witness she did not write out the orders in question.
The prisoner [Isaiah Jennings] gave evidence on his own behalf. Speaking very deliberately, and with clear enunciation, and plausibly, his version of the affair was that a Mrs McCallum had given him the orders to take to Mr Morris, that he had given her the cheques he got from Mr Morris and that on both occasions she had sent him back to the town to cash the cheques and that he had given her the proceeds of the cheques each time. Mrs McCallum, unfortunately for him, while he was in gaol, had gone away to New South Wales, and the other witness he could have called who saw him pay the money to Mrs McCallum, one McDougall, had died about a month ago.
Mr Justice Hodges, in summing up, said the story the prisoner had just told did not agree with what he said to the constable when arrested. Then, he said the money was a loan from Mr Morris and that he would repay it. Now he said he had given the proceeds of the orders to Mrs McCallum. If the prisoner had desired it, and communicated his wish to the Crown, Mrs McCallum would have been subpoenaed on his behalf. The forged orders were in the one handwriting, which correspond with the prisoner’s in a remarkable degree, even to the flourishes at the foot of the signature.
The jury found the prisoner guilty on all four counts.
SENTENCES.
…
Isaiah Jennings, who admitted a previous conviction for rape, was sentenced to six months’ imprisonment with hard labor.
~ ~ ~ ~ ~
Gippsland Times, Thu 5 Sep 1907 39
Charles A Riley pleaded guilty at Bairnsdale Supreme Court of the larceny of butter from the Cowwarr factory, and was sentenced to three months’ imprisonment in Sale gaol.
George Engellenea, for an offence concerning a girl under 16 years of age at Drouin was sentenced to three months imprisonment.
Isaiah Jennings, an aboriginal, was sentenced to six months’ imprisonment for forgery.
William Hayes, 1909
The Pastoral Times, Sat 2 Oct 1909 40
ALLEGED FORGERY.
———◦———
ACCUSED COMMITTED FOR TRIAL.
————
At the [ Deniliquin] Police Court yesterday, before Mr JL Shropshire, PM.
William Hayes was charged with forging a cheque drawn by Alfred Henry Nixon for £1 by altering the amount to £6, with intent to defraud. Mr Wilkinson appeared for the accused.
George Alfred Illidge, manager of the AJS Bank, produced a cheque drawn in favor of William Hayes by AH Nixon on the Deniliquin branch of the bank for £6. The cheque was paid by the bank on April 28. It was endorsed “William Hayes,” and was received from the Bank of New South Wales. He knew Nixon’s handwriting. There was so little characteristic in the word “six” on the cheque that he was unable to say it was done by the maker of the cheque or anyone else. All he would say was that the word appeared to have been written over something else, which possibly may have been and probably was “one.” He could not say that any alteration had been made in the figure “six” in the cheque; it may have been. The drawer of the cheque made a complaint to witness two or three weeks ago.
To the Bench: In his opinion the endorsement on the back of the cheque was not in the handwriting of the drawer.
Alfred Henry Nixon, grazier, stated accused worked for him for about nine days in April last. Accused went to the mission station and sent a man named Dennis to him on April 18. Witness gave a cheque for £1 to Dennis, payable to W Hayes. The cheque produced was the one he gave, but the figure “one” had been turned into “six” and the word “one” had been altered to “six.” The rest of the cheque was in witness’s handwriting. Judging from the writing in the letter he received from Hayes, he should say the signature on the back of the cheque was written by Hayes. He had seen Hayes write. He delivered the cheque to Dennis in an envelope addressed to Hayes. He produced the butt of the cheque for £1.
To Mr Wilkinson: He had seen Dennis lately and believed he was in Hay. He had not communicated with Dennis since he found the cheque was altered.
To the Bench: He got his pass-book from the bank some time ago and it showed the cheque produced as having been paid by the bank at six pounds instead of one.
George Warren, laborer, stated he saw accused April last at Nixon’s place at Morago. He saw a man named Dennis give accused a cheque on April 20. Accused and Dennis went away together. He saw Hayes at the sports at Deniliquin on 21st April.
Anastasia Malone, barmaid at the Federal hotel, stated she remembered the accused and another man coming to the hotel on the day of a spots meeting some months ago. Accused handed her a cheque for £6, drawn by Mr Nixon, which she took to Mr Carew’s for change, and she was told it should be endorsed. She then brought it back and the cheque was endorsed; she could not say whether accused or the white man with him endorsed it. She gave £5/19/- change, which she got from Carew’s, and she thought accused divided the money with the other man, but she was not quite sure. Some money passed between them after she handed over the change.
To Mr Wilkinson: The white man who was with Hayes was stout and had a ruddy complexion. She did not see the other man again. Both men were sober when the cheque was changed.
Michael James Carew, butcher, stated that on 27th April he paid a cheque for £6, drawn by AH Nixon, into his account at the Bank of New South Wales. He did not know where the cheque came from; it was in his cash box when he first saw it.
The accused was committed for trial at the Deniliquin Circuit Court on Thursday, October 14. Bail was allowed—self in £1000 and two sureties in £50 each.
~ ~ ~ ~ ~
The Argus, Fri 15 Oct 1909 41
NEW SOUTH WALES.
———◦———
…
RIVERINA.
DENILIQUIN, Thursday.—At the Circuit Court to-day, before Mr Justice Cohen, William Hayes, an aboriginal, was charged with forging and uttering a cheque for £6, alleged to be drawn by Alfred Nixon. The jury returned a verdict of guilty of uttering the cheque, knowing it to be forged. The prisoner admitted a Victorian conviction of 15 years’ imprisonment on a capital charge, and was sentenced to two years’ imprisonment.
~ ~ ~ ~ ~
The Sydney Morning Herald, Fri 15 Oct 1909 42
CIRCUIT COURTS.
———
…
Deniliquin, Thursday.
At the Circuit Court to-day, before Mr Justice Cohen, Richard Burgess was charged with entering a dwelling-house with the intent to steal. The jury returned a verdict of guilty, and accused was sentenced to 15 months’ imprisonment. William Hayes, [aka Isaiah Jennings], an aboriginal, was charged with forging and uttering a cheque for £6, drawn for £1 by Alfred Nixon. Accused was found guilty of uttering, and was sentenced to two years’ imprisonment.
~ ~ ~ ~ ~
The Pastoral Times, Sat 16 Oct 1909 43
CIRCUIT COURT.
The Circuit Court opened on Thursday morning before his Honor Mr Justice Cohen. Mr Louis Harrison, JP, acted as Deputy-Sheriff; Mr Murray Prior was Clerk of Arraigns; Mr S Bretts, Crown Prosecutor; and Mr H Curtis represented the Crown Law Department. Richard Burgess was found guilty of entering a dwelling house with intent to steal, and was sentenced to 15 months’ imprisonment. William Hayes [aka Isaiah Jennings] (an aboriginal), who was charged with forgery and uttering, was found guilty of uttering, and ordered to be imprisoned for two years in Parramatta gaol. Both convicted men had very bad gaol records against them. Burgess some years ago was arrested in connection with the Gatton murders but was acquitted. The whole of yesterday was taken up with the Wanganella murder trial.
…
A FORGED CHEQUE.
———◦———
TWO YEARS’ IMPRISONMENT.
————
At the Circuit Court on Thursday,
William Hayes was charged with forging an order for £6; and on a second count with uttering and disposing of the order. Accused pleaded not guilty. Mr S Mack, instructed by Mr HL Wilkinson, appeared for the accused.
Jury: E Thomas, PW Maher, EP Smythe, PD Esnouf, AG Mott, T Leetham Jnr, S Cutler, WW Moore, P Fleming, EM Trist, AW Foster, and WT Powell.
Alfred Henry Nixon, grazier, stated he resided at Morago. Accused worked for him last April. He said he wanted to go to Deniliquin sports, and the same night went over to the Mission Station. The next day Jack Dennis brought witness a message from Hayes. He wrote out a cheque for £1 and put it in an envelope and gave it to Dennis to give to Hayes. The cheque produced he made out for £1 and it had been altered. The writing and figure had been altered from one to six. The cheque is endorsed “William Hayes”; the writing is similar to the writing of accused which I have seen.
To Mr Mack: Dennis signed the cheque butt produced. Hayes’ writing he had seen on an order for goods. He hadn’t much experience of comparing writing.
John Warren, laborer, living at Morago, stated he knew the accused. At Nixon’s place last April he saw Dennis hand accused a folded cheque. Dennis said “He only gave me one.” Hayes said “That’s right.”
To Mr Mack: He did not see any envelope when Dennis handed over the cheque.
Anastasia Malone stated that she was barmaid at Geraghty’s hotel last April. Accused and another man came into the hotel the day there was a sports meeting, and tendered a cheque for £6. She went to Mr Carew’s shop for change and came back with the cheque, which she handed back and one of the two men signed it; she did not know which one signed it. She afterwards handed £5 19/- change over the counter, and she saw accused hand some money over to the other man.
Michael James Carew, butcher, stated that on 27th April he paid Nixon’s cheque for £6 into his account at the Bank of New South Wales. He got the cheque from his cash box.
George Alfred Illidge, manager of the AJS Bank, stated the cheque produced was received from the Bank of New South Wales and paid on April 28. He had 20 years’ experience of banking. The cheque had the appearance of being altered.
To Mr Mack: There was nothing distinctive about the writing on the cheque to enable him to give an opinion as to who made the alteration. The alteration was so well done that the cheque would pass in the ordinary course of business.
Constable Shields, stationed at Mulwala, stated he went to the Commercial hotel at Yarrawonga on 11th September and saw accused. He asked if his name was Hayes and he said it was not. He told him he answered the description of a man wanted for forging a cheque of Mr Nixon’s. he replied “I don’t know Mr Nixon.” Witness got him to accompany him to Mulwala, and then arrested him. When he was charged he said “I do know Mr Nixon. I thought I would bluff you.” He further said that he had sent to Nixon for money and a man brought him back a cheque for £6 which he cashed at a Deniliquin hotel.
The Crown case was then closed.
Accused made a statement denying any knowledge of the forgery, and saying he only received £1 from the other man when the cheque was changed.
The jury returned a verdict of guilty on the second count of uttering the cheque, knowing it to be forged.
Hayes admitted a previous sentence [see above: Isaiah Jennings, 1897] in Victoria of 15 years for a serious offence.
He was sentenced to two years’ imprisonment in Parramatta Gaol.
~ ~ ~ ~ ~
William Hayes, Gaol photo sheet 44
![SRNSW: NRS2397, [3/6011], Parramatta gaol photographic description book, 29 Aug 1905-11 Nov 1909, No. 1076, p. 244. Emphasis added.](../../images/trials/1897-Jennings-6011-gaol-photo-1076-William-Hayes.jpg "SRNSW: NRS2397, [3/6011], Parramatta gaol photographic description book, 29 Aug 1905-11 Nov 1909, No. 1076, p. 244. Emphasis added.") |
Gaol Photo Sheet - Transcribed Details
No. 1076
Parramatta
Date when Portrait was taken: 11th November 1909
Name: William Hayes
(aka Isaiah Jennings)
|
Native place: Albury NSW Year of birth: 28 October 1880 Arrived Ship: — Trade or occupation Religion: C of E Education, degree of: R & W Height: 5' 6" Weight On committal: 132 Colour of hair: black Colour of eyes: brown |
|
|
(No. of previous Portrait ... ) CONVICTIONS |
|||||
| Where and When | Offence. | Sentence | |||
|
Sales PC Geelong Gaol Deniliquin CC |
2 28 14 |
3 4 10 |
1897 1904 1909 |
Rape Attempt an abominable offence Uttering |
15 years P.S. 12 months in irons (?) 2 years HL |
1 Bairnsdale Advertiser and Tambo and Omeo Chronicle, Sat 26 Jan 1895, p. 2. Emphasis added.
2 Bairnsdale Advertiser and Tambo and Omeo Chronicle, Tue 15 Dec 1896, p. 3.
3 The crime location is variously described as: Cunninghame or Cuninghame.
4 The Maffra Spectator, Thu 17 Dec 1896, p. 3.
5 Gippsland Times, Thu 24 Dec 1896, p. 3. Emphasis added.
6 Gippsland Times, Thu 31 Dec 1896, p. 3.
7 Bairnsdale Advertiser and Tambo and Omeo Chronicle, Thu 7 Jan 1897, p. 2.
8 Gippsland Times, Thu 7 Jan 1897, p. 3.
9 Bairnsdale Advertiser and Tambo and Omeo Chronicle, Tue 12 Jan 1897, p. 3. Emphasis added.
10 Gippsland Times, Thu 14 Jan 1897, p. 3.
11 The Maffra Spectator, Thu 14 Jan 1897, p. 3. Emphasis added.
12 Bairnsdale Advertiser and Tambo and Omeo Chronicle, Tue 19 Jan 1897, p. 2.
13 Bairnsdale Advertiser and Tambo and Omeo Chronicle, Thu 4 Mar 1897, p. 2.
14 Gippsland Times, Thu 4 Mar 1897, p. 3.
15 The Maffra Spectator, Thu 4 Mar 1897, p. 3.
16 Traralgon Record, Fri 5 Mar 1897, pp. 2, 3.
17 Gippsland Times, Mon 8 Mar 1897, p. 3.
18 Gippsland Times, Mon 22 Mar 1897, p. 2.
19 Bairnsdale Advertiser and Tambo and Omeo Chronicle, Tue 23 Mar 1897, p. 2.
20 Bairnsdale Advertiser and Tambo and Omeo Chronicle, Thu 25 Mar 1897, p. 2.
21 Traralgon Record, Fri 26 Mar 1897, p. 2.
22 The Argus, Wed 31 Mar 1897, p. 5. Emphasis added.
23 Gippsland Times, Thu 1 Apr 1897, p. 3.
24 The Argus, Sat 3 Apr 1897, p. 6. Emphasis added.
25 The Argus, Thu 8 Apr 1897, pp. 4, 5. Emphasis added.
26 The Horsham Times, Fri 9 Apr 1897, p. 3. Emphasis added.
27 Williamstown Chronicle, Sat 10 Apr 1897, p. 2. Emphasis added.
28 The Argus, Wed 14 Apr 1897, p. 5. Emphasis added.
29 Portland Guardian, Wed 14 Apr 1897, p. 3.
30 Bairnsdale Advertiser and Tambo and Omeo Chronicle, Thu 15 Apr 1897, p. 2.
31 Kilmore Free Press, Thu 15 Apr 1897, p. 3.
32 The Horsham Times, Fri 16 Apr 1897, p. 2. Emphasis added.
33 Traralgon Record, Fri 16 Apr 1897, p. 2. Emphasis added.
34 Sunbury News and Bulla and Melton Advertiser, Sat 17 Apr 1897, p. 2. Emphasis added.
35 The Argus, Sat 30 Apr 1904, p. 16. Emphasis added.
36 Geelong Advertiser, (Vic), Sat 30 Apr 1904, p. 4. Emphasis added.
37 The Colac Herald, Mon 2 May 1904, p. 4. Emphasis added.
38 Bairnsdale Advertiser and Tambo and Omeo Chronicle, Thu 5 Sep 1901, p. 2. Emphasis added.
39 Gippsland Times, Thu 5 Sep 1907, p. 2. Emphasis added.
40 The Pastoral Times, Sat 2 Oct 1909, p. 2. Emphasis added.
41 The Argus, Fri 15 Oct 1909, p. 8.
42 The Sydney Morning Herald, Fri 15 Oct 1909, p. 4. Emphasis added.
43 The Pastoral Times, Sat 16 Oct 1909, p. 2. Emphasis added.
44 SRNSW: NRS2397, [3/6011], Parramatta gaol photographic description book, 29 Aug 1905-11 Nov 1909, No. 1076, p. 244. Emphasis added.